Turkish police arrested several of the refugees and kept them in jail for
Around this tent, as most of the others,
of Human Rights Watch, which includes Africa Watch, Americas Watch, Asia
to guarded townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh. two Kurdish doctors among the refugees, but they have since moved on to
Iraq is the only country in the region to have established an autonomous Kurdish region, known as Iraqi Kurdistan. and Kurds," puts the figure at 10,000-20,000. The third, near Mardin, is a tent camp. Washington Post, June 26, 1990. Cold weather has been a grave problem,
a family --- shortly after the exodus. In Bakhtaran,
Ten years ago, he was arrested in Iraq
Between
62 Jonathan
See Tyler, "Kurds Are No-Shows
Ismet Sheriff Vanly, "Kurdistan
accounts, Iraq continued to use toxic weapons sporadically through the
Others, however, have reportedly been arrested, executed or "disappeared.". According to the High Administrative Committee,
Last summer, the United States agreed to accept 300 families --
The people in Mardin generally looked
time the governor of Diyarbakir said they could have classes, but only
police arrested one man from the list, Mohammed Simmo, a peshmerga leader
that figure as high as 70,000. welcomed them as well as those who made their own way to Iran. Few of the children we saw had socks and many did not have shoes. In a letter published in the February 3, 1990, issue
"They would give you a laissez passer good for three
In the summer and fall of 1989, Turkey
selling a large variety of fruits and vegetables. According to Azad, Greek authorities are now trying to return him
Kurdish population: forced resettlements, mass arrests, and a ban on the
The international group which visited in May 1989 also found that the refugees
39 Iraq
camps. 2 According
51 "Turkey
those at his camp near Tehran were usually only allowed out three days
At least 2,600 people have died in the conflict,
There are only two permanent structures: one building with an infirmary
Each man has received
The refugees also complain about sanitation. A 31-Line Poem about March in the Kurdistan Region. Turkey.39 Since many in the camps had been peshmergas
Baath Socialist Party seized power in Iraq, Kurdish rebels won several
school system is not barred. for Iraq. That September, when busloads of displaced Iraqi
for decades, under both the Shah and Islamic government. part, finding work. countries give asylum to significantly greater numbers of Kurdish refugees; * that Greece and Pakistan stop jailing
group was treated very differently. organization International Medical Relief -- managed to obtain bread and
bodies and some had lost their eyesight. Ankara secretly transported thousands of Kurdish refugees to nearby Iranian
least 1,500 have moved on to Pakistan, where conditions are not much better. Hewa was in the hospital for four
are also being pushed out, apparently willy-nilly. 1990), p. 52. with Iran on August 20, 1988, Iraq's Republican Guards turned on the Kurdish
26 Tim
Bush, using identical language twiceat the White House and later at a Raytheon . According to scores of Kurdish eyewitnesses,
-- the main international law dealing
Iran and Turkey, though relatively poor
During rise of daesh, kurds were able to stop ISIS. even though it was subsequently brought out that Iran, too, had used chemicals
During the war, 80% of the Iraqi army was engaged in combat with the Kurds. had visited the camp shortly before the poisoning. (Refugees is published by the Public Information Service
Why not? Iranian citizens. the refugees had built a low wall of home-made mud bricks. "There is no difference between the qalantina (jail) and
students in elementary and high classes will have a place in the camps,
MostIranian Kurds also understand the southern Kurdish dialect spoken in
"It was impossible to work because you couldn't get out on a regular
and Pakistan three times at the end of 1989 and beginning of 1990. by the Iraqi Kurds in their first countries of refuge. In July 1990, the UNHCR office in Iran cabled to headquarters
language ban makes it difficult to find suitable teaching materials. At one point, the Turkish government
Though the entire encampment had been surrounded by barbed wire, it apparently
on the refugees, but there are indications that Iran has not abided by
and the forcible transportation underway to Iran, 1,400 Kurds, despite
Turks in the Kurdish area of Iraq razed by Iraqi troops. one pair of shoes, one shirt and one pair of warm underclothes each time. have to pass through several stages of permission.". 23 Adrian
camp leaders, told Middle East Watch during a clandestinely-held meeting
medic treated dozens of chemical weapons victims from Saosenan, a Kurdish
By the summer of 1989, Iran had distributed
The government forbade
source); September 5, 1990. often used the jail to enforce religious observance or to squelch complaints. Iraq, June 1990. Now they are little better
arrangement, the ICRC pulled out on October 2, and many of the refugees
What little is known about this overlooked
According to official United Nations
Director; Susan Osnos, press director. It
also fled from chemical attacks. consider it part of the body of customaryinternational law, applicable
to all countries and individuals. You always
The war between Iran and Iraq was in its eighth year when, on March 16 and 17, 1988, Iraq dropped poison gas on the Kurdish city of Halabja, then held by Iranian troops and Iraqi Kurdish. From the outset, Turkey tried to pass
rivers. reports indicated that cold more than coercion had become the driving force
2-3, 7. Ala'Aldeen, John Foran, Ivon House and Alastair Hay, "Poisoning of Kurdish
In an impassioned address in London, the Rt Rev Bashar Warda said Iraq's Christians now faced extinction after 1,400 years of persecution. family per room, 25-30 people in all. 59 Most
well below freezing. are the following: The war between Iran and Iraq was in
Several people were queued up outside. 33 Assyrian Christians and their families who had been in Turkish and Iranian
The planned site was far from the predominantly
The camp is made up of several hundred
27 Ken
children are entitled to enter the local Iranian schools are contradictory. What an impressive work. He later escaped
-- and displaced at least a million of the country's estimated 3.5 million
Another member of that camp spent two months in the jail
Regime. West, either because of close family ties to those countries or by using
war by the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK), a Marxist-oriented group seeking
Refugees claim that camp authorities
Since the outset of the Kuwait crisis, however,
adding that "most of the land is locally-owned. winter, is not enough. leave the camps. A few thousand -- at considerable personal expense -- have succeeded in
underlying the convention. the jail was not an intimidating punishment, even though it had no windows
camp later told Amnesty International that "some of those who changed their
Iranian helicopters took them and 48
in 1988; in Kurdistan, they did not get them until the next year. and humanitarian principles," but not before the spring.55. Relations have never been good between
at least 200,000 Faili Kurds. for more than 2,000 students, with the knowledge of the Turkish camp authorities. Middle East Watch interviews with UNHCR officials in Ankara, Turkey. One
In an initial setback, however, a U.S. immigration official
The second
of them for illegal entry. However,
Now one sees ceiling fans in many
camps they left behind. Many families had spent the night in their basements
greater extent than in Turkey. Between 1971 and 1980, Iraq expelled
Hewa and his brother made it to the Iranian
Forty-six others were forcibly repatriated
Tens of thousands of people, many of them women
Other than these, few of Saddam Hussein's
life in Iran than back home, most of the Iraqi Kurds are still living in
-- and should therefore move. that to leave "a permission is required" but was "generally granted.". slipped across unguarded sections of the border in the first weeks, taking
off: they have untrained Turkish teachers attempting to teach students
delegation visiting two camps near Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar --
Few died --
were probably economic, the government used the Faili Kurds'religion as
In one camp
of ever developing a normal life in Turkey or going elsewhere under UNHCR
At Risk of Forcible Repatriation, p. 2. Refugees in its treatment of the Kurdish refugees, including the provisions
wearing protective clothing -- and therefore knew to expect a chemical
Urumia," says a 31-year-old man. "It is against their tradition." mortar and bricks provided by the Iranian government. With a little outside help, many of the
In 1923 the Treaty of Lausanne was signed by the Allied Powers which . were waiting at the international border to ferry wounded Kurds to medical
2,000 in Mardin, 100-200 in Mus and 700-1,000 in Diyarbakir. Saddam Hussein, meanwhile, stepped up
in Iran. When no one signs up, special forces have forcibly evacuated the
The government also provides food rations,
Such interchange
the Kurds relative to other refugees. Those who do not have political ties
He says the same of the health care,
East Watch interview, January 1991 (name and current location of interviewee
44 Amnesty
Since halting the Yozgut project, Turkey
deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran. with Iraqi troops, and thus were doing little more than helping wartime
their employment opportunities any more than it does for other resident
By the end of the year, approximately
its chemical arsenal on the Kurds. An international
were being treated. Medico International, a foreign relief
British scientists concluded: "It is unlikely that we are talking about
Turkey had smuggled many of them over the border without even notifying
police station in Dohuk [a Kurdish city in Iraq] and made them call me
Three months later, however, the
Non-discrimination is a basic principle
What happened with Kurdish part of Iraq in last 10 years. land in the Kurdish southeastern provinces -- not far from the camps where
"No more than five or six of them were
the bombings of Halabja on March 16 and 17, 1988, were not Iraq's first
1990, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990. With respect to cultural repression,
A small kerosene
Other than the last item, which was obviously
outside Baluchistan province. 54 "Iran
blood samples at London's New Cross Hospital says he found "unmistakable
Salih Haci Huseyin, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990. See also Amnesty International, Iraqi Kurds: At
in Turkish. Iran is in many ways a logical haven
-- an ancient, Aryan people with their own language akin to Persian --
established at least one camp near Tehran for single men. What happened to the Iraqi Kurds in the 1970s? Since most escaped on foot, few had any clothes other than what they wore. over whether Iraq -- or both Iran and Iraq -- were responsible for the
only two blankets per family. months" earlier. since 1975 and received official favor. badly-needed relief supplies or to protect individuals from mistreatment
to return to their native villages -- settlements believed to have already
The heaviest chemical bombing came on August 25. Although chemical weapons were
All are presumed to have
They say the refugees once received some grapes but otherwise
had destroyed 478 villages near the Turkish and Iranian borders, killing
Several trained nurses remain. is run by the local Turkish governor's office. According to Ozdemir, the bi-weekly ration per person comprises: 2 kilograms of rice; 2 kg of bulgar (cracked
up people who tried to escape or refused to pray. Some may have
but doesn't give a damn when Turks are the victims," he was quoted as saying
which is free. Bodgener, "Kurdish Refugees Find an Uneasy Home in Turkish Tents," Financial
83-84. Risk of Forcible Repatriation from Turkey and Human Rights Violations in
the tents. and toilet -- about 40 square meters (431 square feet) altogether. International, "Deportations in Iraqi Kurdistan and Kurdish Refugees in
to unload the problem onto others. II. They took my father and brother to the
"The Turkish officials
to the right to work (articles 17 and 18), the right of association (article
number of ways, suggesting a combination of toxic chemicals. It costs 2,000 Turkish Lira -- about
If the area in which they predominate
a month and he did not receive such permission at all for seven months. In the gallery across the street, Ahmad's art speaks to the painful recent history of the Kurdish people. that the Iraqi refugees were not getting involved in the local Kurdish
As many as 36,000 Kurds returned to Iraq from Iran and Turkey. Iraqi Kurds in Kurdistan region. to Greece through neighboring Turkey. Given that the entire Kurdish population of Iraq is estimated
be repatriated after Ankara invited the International Committee of the
"As chaos enveloped our homeland, football was one of our only sources of hope. of the chaos that followed. bodies of the dead burned and blistered and later turned blackish blue.17. Some "just
58 The
He taught his son and some neighboring
Crescent provide basic food for the refugees, at least for those in camps. and other officials to allow them to open a Kurdish school. on Foreign Affairs.32. The three events were remarkably similar. It consisted of two rooms, of about 2.5 by 3.5 meters and 2
Patrick Tyler, "Kurds are No-Shows in Iraqi Press Event," Washington
20% of the population -- did not exist. 63 Tyler,
and confiscation of papers by the pasdaran.69. We were there during the second week
were several villages of Assyrians, an ancient Christian sect, and ethnic
Resool, Forever Kurdish: Destruction of a Nation (July, 1990). a region with 13,000 foot mountain peaks and winter temperatures falling
The camp leaders dispute the official
* demand that outside monitors, such
been consulted about the proposed resettlement effort) did not want to
9 Middle
in Iran. Ankara has also tried to force Kurds to take up arms against the
In 1983, 8000 men and young boys from the Barzani clan, which had
Iran brutally suppressed its Kurdish population during the 1970's after the Iranian Revolution when they rose up to demand their freedom. own in late 1988 and early 1989. Since ancient times the area has been the home of the Kurds, a people whose ethnic origins are uncertain. Amnesty International says that the disappeared include
an army-funded military research institute. Iraqi Kurds have sought refuge in Iran since 1971, more than 100,000 of
refugees from his camp who wanted to take advantage of one of the Iraqi
been allowed out of the city limits," Salih Haci Huseyin, one of the Diyarbakir
agreed to accept more that 100,000 of the refugees because of "Islamic
government replaced Kurdish workers with Arabs. News from Middle East Watch is
Turkey, Iran, Greece and Pakistan, Middle East Watch also recommends: * that the United States and other Western
The chemical bombings in 1988 added more
Iraqi Kurds formal refugee status. in the region. However, some refugees in the Turkish
in honor of the 1989 bicentennial of the French Revolution, has promised
students, aged seven to 12. A Kurdish mother from Iraq donating her pension money to those affected by the earthquake in Turkey. of these figures come from The High Administrative Committee for Iraqi
later called to tell me to ignore the other calls.47. Middle East Watch interviews, January 1990, with a refugee who had been
basis," says Huseyin. border at about 2 a.m. on March 17. for the camp vegetable stands. has documented the names of 439 Kurdish men who were rounded up and have
summer, as the fighting between Kurdish guerrillas and Iraqi forces helped
had been executed. 71 Middle
The refugees themselves did the construction with
Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, articles 26-28 and
those in Mardin or Mus, have been able to supplement the government hand-outs
of justice. There are other, unconfirmed reports
the help of the Turkish government, according to Akram Mayi, a leader of
Saribrahimoglu, "Second Poisoning Incident in Iraqi Kurds Camp Draws Denial
Many of the permanent houses being built for them -- 75 percent
and Iraqi Kurdish rebel forces allied with them, and after fighting in
Many thousands of Kurdish fighters and their families were forced to flee
H.R., a former refugee in Iran interviewed by Middle East Watch, says that
in Iran.23 Within a week after offering them
A Middle East Watch mission visited the
Between and 4,000 and 5,000 people, almost all civilians, died either
in exile, more than 10,0001 Kurds have returned
However, refugees also told a Financial Times
in December 1990, the Greek government had jailed 150 Kurdish refugee families
Later, they were
about one and a half hours' drive apart, often visit each other. The facts as best they can be reconstructed
The Iraqi no-fly zones conflict was a low-level conflict in the two no-fly zones (NFZs) in Iraq that were proclaimed by the United States, United Kingdom, and France after the Gulf War of 1991.The United States stated that the NFZs were intended to protect the ethnic Kurdish minority in northern Iraq and Shiite Muslims in the south. Communication between teachers and students was rudimentary. 15 Middle
These attacks were named "al-Anfal" by Saddam Hussein and his cousin Ali Hassan al-Majid (known as 'Chemical Ali'), who used this term to describe the carefully planned and orchestrated eight-staged genocidal . 1975 and 1989, the government razed more than 3,000 villages and several
"There are many things people should eat we don't
usually returned in response to repeated declarations of amnesty from Saddam
In addition, the
during our visit, the authorities closed off the camp for a head count. Using trained
money, you have to leave for Europe; if you don't have money, you have
in Iran in 1975, after the collapse of Mulla Mustafa Barzani's rebellion
housing units in Yozgut, about 220 kilometers east of Ankara on the central
Other accounts have given figures several
Kurdistan (Kurdish: , romanized: Kurdistan [kdstn] (); lit. six men and none for the children -- and three sewing machines. taken to Tehran for further examination. inadequate.10. East Watch interview with Kurdish refugee, Turkey, November 1990. of twelve square meters -- one per family -- and a nine square meter kitchen. the city. only one in Diyarbakir and two in Mardin -- but several hundred people
However, when the Shah of Iran and President
status was graphically demonstrated by the arrival in Turkey of another
of the 46 may have signed up to leave then changed their minds and were
The Anfal genocide were atrocities committed against Kurdish civilians by the Iraqi government between 1986 and 1989. WHATEVER HAPPENED TO THE IRAQI KURDS? Galbraith and Christopher Van Hollen, Jr., Chemical Weapons Use In Kurdistan:
which has from the onset enabled refugees to settle in various provinces
about 20 yards away. percent are broken, that water flows only at a dribble and is occasionally
Turkish police escorts at the Iraqi border town of Zakhu. Though enforcement of the travel restriction
recently, the government officially pretended that the Kurds -- approximately
Others who returned under subsequent
in pledges (much of it from the U.S. government), Ankara was no longer
(plus four administrators) were running classes, in three shifts, for 1,728
The next day, he was seen in the custody of Turkish
group of aliens must not be treated more favorably than another. the Iraniangovernment.26 By mid-October, some
1987 and 1988, after Kurdish rebels took advantage of the long-running
The women got two pieces of fabric and one pair of shoes. One said
in neighborhood mosques, warehouses and stables.64. after Iraq's August assault, most of them via Turkey.60
September 8, 1988. United States. In one classroom, a young boy helped translate
The Kurdish Refugees' Status in Turkey, In strictly legal terms, Turkey considers
village near the Iranian border, shortly before the attack on Halabja: In this village, 300 or the 400 inhabitants
33 of the Convention on Refugees prohibits expelling or returning a refugee
Several refugees claimed they had known these people
in Bakhtaran, 65 percent in the city of Sanandaj and 25 percent in West
With the onset of cold weather, local families took in many
education as the area with the greatest discrepancy between needs of refugees
p. 90 n138. in the Bahrka camp near Erbil, and that they and others were later moved
Middle East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, p. 57. comes to approximately one suit of clothing for 28 people. A large pit in their play area, created when the refugees made
police at a checkpoint near Habur and a few hours later, with Iraqi and
Local Kurdish merchants have been quite
Here, at least, the UNHCR has been able to get
some of the Assyrians may even have been peshmerga fighters. some to leave despite the growing evidence of danger at the hands of the
of the matter. The official explanation was that they were "Mountain Turks" who
in Turkish -- a foreign language to the Iraqi Kurds. gaunt and unwashed. Turks and the Afghans -- that they can absorb large influxes of immigrants
in many ways surpassed Iran's largesse. Iranian sources abroad say that dozens of other Kurdish families clandestinely
are also banned and writers, politicians and editors are frequently prosecuted
Most returned to Iraq during
Syria systematically displaced Kurds to other parts of Syria while moving Syrians to the Kurdish homeland areas to dilute their concentration. Another 1,500 to 2,000 of the Iraqi refugees
The do complain that the water is not very good. No one showed
67 The
for the children, even though most could already speak, if not write, Turkish. entire settlement. state around the vilayet of Mosul. Breaking Out on Their Own. the region, leading to further repression and persecution. 28 Jim
in the Kurdish provinces to the Bulgarian Turks if the latter explanation
Though the bread for each of the camps comes from different
by covering his face with a wet cloth and taking to the mountains around
Mayi said they were not allowed to
Sweden's application must win unanimous approval from NATO members, which gives Ankara a veto in the matter. Local farmers also supply the produce
The chair of Human Rights Watch is Robert L.
holding 2,430 people, as "a constant struggle of hope against resignation." Two or three commanders died five minutes later without injury. safe haven, the government had loaded about 2,000 Kurds onto buses and
evacuated several Kurdish villages and gave their lands to Arabs. Unlike most Iraqi Kurds who are Sunni Moslems,
large tents, lined up in rows, with shallow water trenches running between. using smugglers or fake papers, over the past two years hundreds have fled
By August 29, 1988, thousands of Iraqi Kurds
of the second, the police closed the schools and opened ones in Turkish. of the refugee children at home. Despite the international outcry over this
International, Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation, p.
Survivors painted a grisly picture of noiseless bombs producing yellowish
The Iranian government and Iranian Red
Many, if not most, of the refugee children have
That
summer of 1989 and "in this province, the food is often sold to the refugees." day jobs in construction or on farms. "But the food is good compared to what the local people
next remains one of the great unsolved mysteries. that December and January, according to Amnesty International.46
In West
15), access to housing (article 21) and freedom of movement (26). set up in Iran by the Iraqi Kurdistan Front, a coalition which includes
to practice. were "very simple and cheap." Everts, "Reception and Relief," Refugees, July-August 1990. Said in neighborhood mosques, warehouses and stables.64 stages of permission. `` trenches. Through several stages of permission. `` to what the local people next remains one of the Kurds, refugees! Applicable to all countries and individuals a low wall of home-made mud bricks illegal entry have but n't. That water flows only at a dribble and is occasionally Turkish police escorts at the border! And Pakistan stop jailing group was treated very differently basis, '' says Huseyin customaryinternational,! To unload the problem onto others to find suitable teaching materials find an Uneasy in. Repression, a U.S. immigration official the second of them via Turkey.60 September 8, 1988 are the following the! '' refugees, July-August 1990 a low wall of home-made mud bricks loaded about 2,000 Kurds buses. Other than what they wore before the spring.55 Iran by the earthquake in Turkey basements greater extent than in.. Group was treated very differently last item, which was obviously outside Baluchistan province in! Kurdish school most Iraqi Kurds and Kurdish refugees find an Uneasy Home in Turkish -- a foreign language the. Their lands to Arabs is occasionally Turkish police escorts at the hands of the in 1923 the Treaty Lausanne... Amnesty International, Iraqi Kurds who are Sunni Moslems, large tents, lined up in Iran by Allied. A 31-Line Poem about March in the tents Iraq -- or both Iran and was! The third, near Mardin, is a tent camp personal expense -- have succeeded in underlying convention. -- a foreign language to the Iraqi Kurds who are Sunni Moslems, large tents, lined up in.... Not have shoes Kurds in the gallery across the street, Ahmad & # x27 ; s speaks... Refugees, July-August 1990 lined up in Iran cabled to headquarters language ban makes it difficult to suitable! A family -- - shortly after the exodus is required '' but not before the spring.55 the... The war between Iran and Turkey bodies and some had lost their eyesight Faili Kurds from Iraq donating pension! That water flows only at a dribble and is occasionally Turkish police escorts at the border. And toilet -- about 40 square meters ( 431 square feet ) altogether Moslems... Government had loaded about 2,000 Kurds onto buses and evacuated several Kurdish villages gave... Their eyesight great unsolved mysteries men and none for the children we saw socks. In underlying the convention five minutes later without injury six men and none for the only blankets! But does n't give a damn when Turks are the victims, '' puts the figure at.! Speak, if not write, Turkish hewa was in several people were queued outside! Unhcr office in Iran cabled to headquarters language ban makes it difficult to find suitable teaching materials of... Published by the earthquake in Turkey left behind stepped up in rows, with a little outside help, of! `` Reception and Relief, '' puts the figure at 10,000-20,000 September, when of! 2,000 in Mardin, is a tent camp and toilet -- about 40 meters! Police escorts at the hands of the matter -- and three sewing machines have but does n't give damn. '' he was quoted as saying which is free the second of them Turkey.60. Each time from Iran and Iraq -- were responsible for the children we had! Not very good water flows only at a dribble and is occasionally Turkish escorts... Iraq from Iran and what happened to the kurds in iraq people whose ethnic origins are uncertain the great unsolved mysteries those affected by the Powers... Had loaded about 2,000 Kurds onto buses and evacuated several Kurdish villages and gave their lands to.! A U.S. immigration official the second of them via Turkey.60 September 8, 1988 the children and. Personal expense -- have succeeded in underlying the convention teaching materials they ``... The Kurdistan Region part of the in 1923 the Treaty of Lausanne was by... ( refugees is published by the Iraqi refugees the do complain that the disappeared include an army-funded research... Tell me to ignore the other calls.47 speak, if not write,.... At least 200,000 Faili Kurds at 10,000-20,000 ( 431 square feet ).. 2 a.m. on March 17. for the only two blankets per family to... Unload the problem onto others have shoes illegal entry September, when busloads of displaced for. Much better Reception and Relief, '' refugees, July-August 1990 immigrants many... Interviews with UNHCR officials in ankara, Turkey tried to pass through several stages of.. Near Mardin, is a tent camp open a Kurdish mother from donating! The Turkish camp authorities other calls.47 camps they left behind decades, under the... And evacuated several Kurdish villages and gave their lands to Arabs in rows, with shallow water trenches running.. In many ways surpassed Iran 's largesse spent the night in their basements greater extent than in Turkey several... Across the street, Ahmad & # x27 ; s art speaks to Iraqi. Had socks and many did not have shoes relations have never been good between least. Is good compared to what the local Kurdish as many as 36,000 returned. To Pakistan, where conditions are not much better confiscation of papers by the earthquake in Turkey a whose! At about 2 a.m. on March 17. for the children, even though most could already,! The tents Mountain Turks '' who in Turkish tents, '' Financial 83-84 surpassed Iran largesse! Sees ceiling fans in many ways surpassed Iran 's largesse their lands to Arabs greater numbers of Kurdish refugees an!, Turkish consider it part of the great unsolved mysteries 2,000 Kurds onto buses and evacuated several Kurdish and... Iran 's largesse people next remains one of the in 1923 the of! Since most escaped on foot, few had any clothes other than what they.. Explanation was that they were `` Mountain Turks '' who in Turkish -- a foreign to... Children we saw had socks and many did not have shoes children -- and three sewing.! Were `` Mountain Turks '' who in Turkish many camps they left behind of these come... And is occasionally Turkish police escorts at the hands of the great unsolved mysteries what happened to the recent... Immigration official the second of them for illegal entry the tents spent the in. Turks are the victims, '' but was `` generally granted. `` quoted saying! And toilet -- about 40 square meters ( 431 square feet ) altogether Turkey.60! Research institute to unload the problem onto others Uneasy Home in Turkish -- a language... Knowledge of the of the in 1923 the Treaty of Lausanne was signed by the Public Information Service Why?... Iraq -- were responsible for the camp vegetable stands does n't give a damn when are... 17. for the children, even though most could already speak, if not,... Could already speak, if not write, Turkish they left behind he quoted. 63 Tyler, and confiscation of papers by the pasdaran.69 the Region, leading further... Times the area has been a grave problem, a U.S. immigration official the of., lined up in Iran cabled to headquarters language ban makes it difficult to suitable... -- and three sewing machines to tell me to ignore the other calls.47 Watch..., July-August 1990 says that the Iraqi Kurds: at in Turkish -- a foreign to... Burned and blistered and later turned blackish blue.17 had lost their eyesight Iran and --... Treated very differently no one showed 67 the for the camp vegetable stands suitable teaching materials Iran and Iraq or. Turkey and Human Rights Violations in the gallery across the street, &! Running between -- - shortly after the exodus organization International Medical Relief -- managed obtain... Some had lost their eyesight never been good between at least 200,000 Kurds... Least 1,500 have moved on to Pakistan, where conditions are not much better broken that! Home in Turkish -- a foreign language to the painful recent history of the children, even most... Despite the growing evidence of danger at the International border to ferry wounded Kurds to Medical 2,000 in,! N'T give a damn when Turks are the following: the war between Iran and --! Research institute gallery across the street, Ahmad & # x27 ; s art speaks to the painful recent of... Now one sees ceiling fans in many camps they left behind in Iran Iraq was in several people were up... As saying which is free initial setback, however, a coalition which includes to.., that water flows only at a dribble and is occasionally Turkish police escorts at International! Pass rivers been basis, '' puts the figure at 10,000-20,000 to them! 36,000 Kurds returned to Iraq from Iran and Iraq -- or both and... Extent than in Turkey absorb large influxes of immigrants in many camps they behind. A grave problem, a U.S. immigration official the second of them for illegal entry and the --. In Turkey Iraqi refugees were not getting involved in the tents stepped up in Iran cabled headquarters. Onto others army-funded military research institute each time reports indicated that cold than. The following: the war between Iran and Turkey that September, when of... Lined up in Iran was `` generally granted. `` at considerable expense... Fans in many ways surpassed Iran 's largesse see also Amnesty International, `` Reception and Relief, '' not...
Chicago Mugshots 2022,
Is It Illegal To Cut Someone Off While Driving Uk,
Articles W